year 5, Issue 3 (Autumn 2017)                   Ann Appl Sport Sci 2017, 5(3): 49-62 | Back to browse issues page


XML Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Haghighizade S R, Jiryaei Sharahi M, Mirhoseini S M, Mousavi M. Effect of Gradation and Particle Shape on Sand Properties as Coverage of Beach Soccer Ground - Details of a Patent. Ann Appl Sport Sci 2017; 5 (3) :49-62
URL: http://aassjournal.com/article-1-449-en.html
1- Civil Engineering Department, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
2- Civil Engineering Group, Qom University of Technology, Qom, Iran , jiryaei@qut.ac.ir
3- Civil Engineering Group, Qom University of Technology, Qom, Iran
Abstract:   (9058 Views)
Background. Beach soccer is one of the most well-known international sports in the world. The laws of the game were introduced by some associations and today they are covered by FIFA. There are also certain rules for the selection of beach soccer sand, but the specifications are too simple and rough. Thus, a wide range of sand types falls in the acceptable range of FIFA.
Objectives. In this study, an investigation is conducted to identify the effective parameters of beach soccer sand that affect the acceptability and quality of sand. The aim of this study is to determine which type of sand is more in accordance with the expectations of beach soccer players.
Methods. This study is based on the results of a survey on 10 players of the national beach soccer team of Iran. The questionnaire includes questions about different aspects of sand quality at a number of beach soccer grounds. The sand samples are consequently compared by considering their gradations and particle shapes. A number of recommendations are presented in order to select high-quality sand for the purpose of beach soccer ground coverage.
Results. The results are examined using numerical simulations. Finally, after conducting several tests and survey and gathering regional data, a simple and reliable method for ranking sand types used in beach soccer ground coverage is presented. The method can accurately predict the score of each sand sample by using the input data of gradation test, roundness test, and regional data. The sand types are scored according to the level of the match.
Conclusion. In this manner, the grounds of beach soccer can be standardized using the presented ranking method.
Full-Text [PDF 1365 kb]   (2741 Downloads)    
 
 
APPLICABLE REMARKS
  • It presents an accurate and quantitative method for the determination of sand quality used in beach soccer grounds.
  • It suggests a method for the improvement the sand quality.
  • It suggests the minimum acceptable sand quality according to the level of beach soccer matches.
  • It enables classification and standardization of beach soccer grounds in terms of sand quality, for the purpose of organizing beach soccer matches.

Type of Study: Original Article | Subject: Sport Biomechanics and its related branches
Received: 2016/11/1 | Accepted: 2017/06/13

References
1. Casamichana D, Castellano J. Time-motion, heart rate, perceptual and motor behaviour demands in small-sides soccer games: effects of pitch size. Journal of sports sciences. 2010;28(14):1615-23. [DOI:10.1080/02640414.2010.521168] [PMID]
2. FIFA Beach Soccer Committee. BEACH SOCCER, Laws of the Game, 2015/2016. Zurich, Switzerland: Fédération Internationale de Football Association, 160 p.
3. Martins L, Barboza E. Sand–gravel marine deposits and grain-size properties. Gravel. 2005;3:59-70.
4. Arasan S, Akbulut S, Hasiloglu AS. Effect of particle size and shape on the grain-size distribution using Image analysis. International journal of civil and structural engineering. 2011;1(4):968-85.
5. Han X, Kuroda T, Tatsuoka F, Kiyota T. Influence of particle size and geometry on the pullout tests of geocell embedded in soil. Bulleting of Earth Resistance Structures. 2012;45:159-68.
6. Frossard E. Effect of sand grain shape on interparticle friction; indirect measurements by Rowe\'s stress dilatancy theory. Géotechnique. 1979;29(3):341-50. [DOI:10.1680/geot.1979.29.3.341]
7. Salimi N, Yazdanjou V, Hamidi A, editors. Shape and size effects of gravel grains on the shear behavior of sandy soils. Proceedings of 10th Int Conf on Landslides and Engineered Slopes, Chen et al (eds), China; 2008. [DOI:10.1201/9780203885284-c50]
8. Mostefa Kara E, Meghachou M, Aboubekr N. Contribution of particles size ranges to sand friction. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research. 2013;3(4):497-501.
9. McDowell GR, Bolton MD. Effect of particle size distribution on pile tip resistance in calcareous sand in the geotechnical centrifuge. Granular Matter. 2000;2(4):179-87. [DOI:10.1007/PL00010913]
10. Cho G-C, Dodds J, Santamarina JC. Particle Shape Effects on Packing Density, Stiffness, and Strength: Natural and Crushed Sands. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. 2006;132(5):591-602. [DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2006)132:5(591)]
11. Ebinuma T, Kamata Y, Minagawa H, Ohmura R, Nagao J, Narita H, editors. Mechanical properties of sandy sediment containing methane hydrate. Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates, Pap; 2005.
12. Mitachi T. Mechanical Behavior of Bentonite-Sand Mixtures as Buffer Materials. Soils and Foundations. 2008;48(3):363-74. [DOI:10.3208/sandf.48.363]
13. Dixon DA, Gray MN, Thomas AW. A study of the compaction properties of potential clay—sand buffer mixtures for use in nuclear fuel waste disposal. Engineering Geology. 1985;21(3):247-55. [DOI:10.1016/0013-7952(85)90015-8]
14. Gray M, Cheung S, Dixon D. The influence of sand content on swelling pressures and structure developed in statically compacted Na-bentonite. Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd.; 1984.
15. Lingnau BE, Graham J, Yarechewski D, Tanaka N, Gray MN. Effects of temperature on strength and compressibility of sand-bentonite buffer. Engineering Geology. 1996;41(1):103-15. [DOI:10.1016/0013-7952(95)00028-3]
16. Oswell JM. Elastic plastic behaviour of a sand-bentonite mixture 1991.
17. Asghari E, Toll DG, Haeri SM. Triaxial behaviour of a cemented gravely sand, Tehran alluvium. Geotechnical & Geological Engineering. 2003;21(1):1-28. [DOI:10.1023/A:1022934624666]
18. Clough GW, Sitar N, Bachus RC, Rad NS. Cemented sands under static loading. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. 1981;107(ASCE 16319 Proceeding).
19. Consoli NC, Prietto PDM, Ulbrich LA. Influence of Fiber and Cement Addition on Behavior of Sandy Soil. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. 1998;124(12):1211-4. [DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1998)124:12(1211)]
20. Coop M, Atkinson J. The mechanics of cemented carbonate sands. Geotechnique. 1993;43(1):53-67. [DOI:10.1680/geot.1993.43.1.53]
21. Dupas J, Pecker A. Static and dynamic properties of sand-cement. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division. 1979;105(3):419-36.
22. Haeri SM, Hosseini SM. A comparison of drained tests on wet and saturated cemented sandy gravel. Tehran, Iran: Sharif University of Technology; 2003. [PMID]
23. Haeri SM, Hosseini SM, Toll DG, Yasrebi SS. The behaviour of an artificially cemented sandy gravel. Geotechnical & Geological Engineering. 2005;23(5):537-60. [DOI:10.1007/s10706-004-5110-7]
24. Hamidi A, Haeri SM, Tabatabaee N, editors. Influence of gypsum cementation on the shear behavior of cemented sands. 1st National Congress on Civil Engineering; 2004; Tehran, Iran: Sharif University of Technology. [PMCID]
25. Huang JT, Airey DW. Properties of Artificially Cemented Carbonate Sand. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. 1998;124(6):492-9. [DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1998)124:6(492)]
26. Saxena SK, Lastrico RM. Static properties of lightly cemented sand. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. 1978;104(ASCE 14259):1449-64.
27. Schnaid F, Prietto PDM, Consoli NC. Characterization of Cemented Sand in Triaxial Compression. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. 2001;127(10):857-68. [DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2001)127:10(857)]
28. Cornforth DH. Some Experiments on the Influence of Strain conditions on the Strength of Sand. Géotechnique. 1964;14(2):143-67. [DOI:10.1680/geot.1964.14.2.143]
29. De Beer E, editor Bearing capacity and settlement of shallow foundations on sand. Proc of Symp Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Foundation; 1965.
30. Thevanayagam S, Ravishankar K, Mohan S. Steady-State Strength, Relative Density, and Fines Content Relationship for Sands. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. 1996;1547:61-7. [DOI:10.3141/1547-09]
31. Andersen GR, Swan CW, Ladd CC, Germaine JT. Small-strain behavior of frozen sand in triaxial compression. Canadian Geotechnical Journal. 1995;32(3):428-51. [DOI:10.1139/t95-047]
32. Parameswaran VR, Paradis M, Handa YP. Strength of frozen sand containing tetrahydrofuran hydrate. Canadian Geotechnical Journal. 1989;26(3):479-83. [DOI:10.1139/t89-061]
33. Ting JM, Martin RT, Ladd CC. Mechanisms of Strength for Frozen Sand. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. 1983;109(10):1286-302. [DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1983)109:10(1286)]
34. Ladd RS. Specimen preparation and liquefaction of sands. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. 1974;100(10):1180–4.
35. Lade PV, Yamamuro JA. Effects of nonplastic fines on static liquefaction of sands. Canadian Geotechnical Journal. 1997;34(6):918-28. [DOI:10.1139/t97-052]
36. Mancuso C, Vassallo R, d\'Onofrio A. Small strain behavior of a silty sand in controlled-suction resonant column - torsional shear tests. Canadian Geotechnical Journal. 2002;39(1):22-31. [DOI:10.1139/t01-076]
37. Mulilis JP, Arulanandan K, Mitchell JK, Chan CK, Seed HB. Effects of sample preparation on sand liquefaction. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division. 1977;103(2):91-108.
38. Crum JR, Wolff TF, Freeborn RA, Miller M, editors. Engineering Properties of High Sand Content Soils Used in Golf Putting Greens and Sports Fields. 67th Annual Michigan Turfgrass Conference; 1997 January 20-24, 1997; Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Extension.
39. ASTM F2396-11, , , , , www.astm.org. Standard Guide for Construction of High Performance Sand-Based Rootzones for Athletic Fields. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International; 2011.
40. Barrett PJ. The shape of rock particles, a critical review. Sedimentology. 1980;27(3):291-303. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3091.1980.tb01179.x]
41. Folk RL. Student operator error in determination of roundness, sphericity, and grain size. Journal of Sedimentary Research. 1955;25(4):297-301.
42. Krumbein WC, Freeman WH, Sloss LL. Stratigraphy and Sedimentation. Second ed. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman & Co.; 1963. 497 p.

Send email to the article author


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2024 CC BY-NC 4.0 | Annals of Applied Sport Science

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb