IN-TEXT REFERENCES
In the Vancouver system, the only indication required in the text of a paper is a number, allocated in ascending sequence, and presented in the text in brackets. For example:
" According to the results of previous research, visual skills have been categorized into five levels; Superior, above average, average, ineffective and needs immediate attention (4)."
Do not use individual sets of parentheses for citation numbers that appear together, e.g., (2,3,5–9), not (2),(3),(5)–(9). In the other word, If the same source is cited again later in the text, the same number is used once more. If multiple references are cited, use a hyphen to join an inclusive range of numbers thus: (2-5). Use commas without spaces to separate non-inclusive numbers in a multiple citation thus: (2-5,7,10).
IN-BIBLIOGRAPHY REFERENCES
A bibliography is a list of references cited given at the end of an essay, dissertation etc. The list of references at the end of the paper should be given in order of their first appearance in the text.
Each individual reference is made by putting together all the details needed to find a piece of information, in a specified order. Different details are needed for different formats of information. It is important to use the same style, punctuation and order of details throughout your piece of work. In this topic you will look at how individual references are constructed. In particular you will learn how to reference.
SAMPLE REFERENCES
For sample references see A National Library of Medicine Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform_requirements.html
Note: Some journals have more than two parts and should be abbreviated when write in the references. You can find the journals abbreviation via: http://www.efm.leeds.ac.uk/~mark/ISIabbr/S_abrvjt.html
Note: In the case of publications in languages other than English, the published English title should be provided from it's English abstract, with an annotation such as “(article in Farsi, abstract in English)”. Do not provide a self-translation.
