Annals of Applied Sport Science

• Physical activity induces beneficial changes in blood lipid levels among patients with obesity and T2DM.
• Exercise increases HDL-C and lowers plasma TG concentrations, TC, VLDL, and LDL-C.
• Engaging in adequate and regular physical exercise also reduces the risk of insulin resistance and CVD.
• Exercise-induced positive alterations are dependent on the exercise training parameters.

• The scientific contribution of this work is in favor of the fact that additional plyometric training lasting 15 minutes 4 times a week does not significantly affect the increase in RPE and wellness; therefore, it can be concluded that low-volume training that affects increasing fitness abilities in football players will not significantly increase the experience of psychological and physiological stress.
• Daily monitoring of the subjective feeling of load is a good and essential tool for controlling athletes. This especially applies to younger athletes because it is a highly effective tool available to everyone and does not require financial expenses.
• Educated experts in the field of strength and conditioning of athletes can monitor and plan the activities of their athletes simply and effectively using RPE and wellness questionary.

• When a dancer has a headache, it is recommended to check the tension of the suboccipital triangle; when there is back pain, check the tension of surrounding muscles such as the hamstring.
• When there is pain in the ankles and plantar region, it is a good idea to check the structure passing through the tarsal tunnel as the relaxation target.

• HIIE elicited more excellent enhancement in mental health after 12-week interventions compared to MIIE.
• HIIE improved overall health-related quality of life after 12-week interventions compared to MIIE.
• HIIE generated more remarkable improvement in self-determined motivation after 12-week interventions than MIIE.

• It can be compared with previous studies related to training methods in terms of physiological, technical, muscular strength, and tactical aspects, which are physical factors that affect the performance of taekwondo players.
• Research on extending the kick duration, an essential technique in Taekwondo, and research on technique performance ability related to the strength of the quadriceps femoris and hamstrings were referred to.

• It is essential to recognize narcissistic personality traits to prevent a tendency towards exercise addiction.
• This is to prevent exercise from being drawn into unhealthy areas.
• When the relationship between these two concepts is realized, support can be received from mental health experts to ensure that individuals can create a balanced exercise routine.

• Although breathing plays a crucial part in sportive performance, insufficient scientific information exists to paint a complete and accurate picture of how it works.
• The study's findings imply that diaphragm-specific respiratory muscle exercise affects healthy individual's ability to use their respiratory muscles and their strength.
• These findings are essential in supporting the development and popularization of new training methods that can contribute to sports performance by integrating the diaphragm-focused technique into respiratory muscle training.

• In addition, a mixed method can be applied to a study examining leisure literacy and motivational dynamics among sports spectators.
• This approach can provide an in-depth understanding of leisure literacy and the motivational dynamics of sports spectators from both quantitative and qualitative perspectives.

• Effectiveness of Physical Activity: The review highlights that various forms of physical exercise significantly improve the QOL in cancer patients, addressing anxiety, depression, and CRF. These benefits extend across different types of cancer and treatment stages, emphasizing exercise's broad applicability as a supportive care measure.
• Cancer-related fatigue: The study specifically points out that physical activity plays a crucial role in mitigating CRF, a common and debilitating symptom experienced by cancer patients. Regular exercise has been shown to reduce fatigue levels, thereby enhancing patients' overall well-being and functional capacity.
• Types of Exercises: The review discusses a range of exercise interventions, including AE, RT, and flexibility exercises. Whether conducted at home or in hospital settings, these interventions have effectively improved QOL and reduced fatigue among cancer patients.

• It may be suggested that yoga training (60-minute yoga practice session, three times per week for 6 months), low and moderate intensity, should be implemented in larger populations who contract hypertension type 1 to reduce blood pressure and improve physical fitness.
• Yoga should be considered part of a holistic approach to hypertension management, alongside other lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes, medication adherence, and regular medical check-ups.

• The study demonstrates a significant correlation between obesity and hip osteoarthritis (HOA). Obese patients, as defined by a BMI greater than 30, were found to have a substantially higher mean BMI and a greater prevalence of HOA compared to their non-obese counterparts. This suggests a higher body weight is a considerable risk factor for developing and progressing HOA.
• The findings highlight that females are more likely to be obese and consequently at higher risk for HOA, with the average age of participants being 53.2 years. This suggests that middle-aged to older adults, particularly women, are a crucial demographic for targeted interventions aimed at reducing obesity to mitigate the risk of HOA.
• The study found that obese patients had significantly higher WOMAC scores, indicating more severe pain, stiffness, and reduced function in the hip joints compared to non-obese patients. This underscores the importance of weight management in improving the quality of life for patients with HOA, as obesity exacerbates the symptoms and functional impairments associated with the condition.

• Functional Notes: Mechanical feedback should be systematically applied in volleyball training programs to improve learners' motor skills and reduce errors.
• Study Population: This approach benefits beginner learners and can be adapted to other sports movements involving specific tools.