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The Effects of a Session of Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise on Leukocytes, And Hormonal Responses in Young Women
Hadis Raftari, Hasanali Gholami, Masoud Zamani,
year 5, Issue 1 (Special Issues 2017)
Abstract

Background. Exercises with different intensities can cause changes in immune system factors and hormonal acute response. These changes may exceed the permissible limitations and weaken the system.

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of an intensity aerobic and anaerobic training session on acute hormonal response and immune system factors.

Methods. A total of 30 young female non-athlete students (age 20.7±1 years old and BMI 23.2 ± 1.3) participated in the study voluntary. And randomly were divided into three groups: maximum aerobic, anaerobic test and control group (n = 10). from subjects before and after the test, blood samples were taken to measure cortisol , testosterone and leukocytes. For maximum aerobic test, Ellestad test was used, and for anaerobic, Cunningham and Faulkner treadmill test was used.

Results. It is showed that the leukocytes in anaerobic test significantly increased (p<0.05). On the other hand, anaerobic exercise leads to a significant increase in testosterone level (p< 0.05) and a significant reduction of cortisol levels (p< 0.05).

Conclusion. In general, these findings show that despite minor differences in the effects of physical activity on the hormonal responses and immune system, Increase of anabolic conditions after anaerobic activity may be increase of leukocytes.


How Factors of the Interpretive Structural Model Affect the Intent to Buy Original Brand Soccer Balls?
Hasan Gholami Ghajari, Masoumeh Kalateh Seifari,
year 5, Issue 4 (Winter 2017)
Abstract
Background. A soccer ball is the principal piece of sports equipment for soccer and original brands compete with each other for a big pie of the market.
Objectives. The aim of this study’s interpretive structural model (ISM) was to ascertain the factors that affect the intent to purchase original brand soccer balls.
Methods. First, by a study of the literature and by the use of the Delphi technique, effective factors impacting the intent to buy original brand soccer balls were identified. The ISM was then drawn up to show factors affecting the intent to buy an original brand soccer ball. The study’s population consisted of the country’s sports management professors as samples and eight experts were chosen in a targeted manner. The MATLAB2014 software was used for the implementation of the ISM.
Results. The findings were shown in diagrams with five levels. The factor ‘ball appearance’ was at the fifth level, the factors ‘brand name’ and ‘country of manufacturer of brand’ was at the fourth level, ‘congruence of price and quality’ was at the third level, four factors of ‘brand identity’, ‘brand image’, ‘perceived value’, and ‘brand store sales’ were at the second level, and ‘intention to buy’ was at the first level.
Conclusion. An original brand soccer ball should be beautiful and have an attractive design. It must have a proper shape and it must create a unique identity so that the positive image of the product is accepted by customers. It must create value for customers when they weigh two aspects: What they have paid for it and what they have received.

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