Annals of Applied Sport Science

This study aims to survey the effects of a circuit resistance training session with a light intensity on some hematological parameters of male students of Physical Education. After the release of an announcement and call, 20 male students of Physical Education voluntarily participated in this study. After equalization, they were randomly divided into two groups including light-intensity exercise (35% of a maximum repetition) and no exercise (the control). Persons in the first group were asked to perform 10-step circuit exercise for three non-stop alternating rounds with a rest period at each round. Hematological parameters measured included white blood cells, platelet variables, and red blood cells. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. To compare the means before and after the exercise and to compare to groups with each other, dependent t-test and independent t-test were used, respectively. Results showed that none of the variables related to white blood cells and platelet had a significant change in the group of light-intensity exercise (35% of a maximum repetition) and only mean corpuscular volume (MCV), among the variables related to red blood cells, decreased significantly. In the control group, a significant increase in neutrophil percent (NEUT) and hemoglobin and a significant decrease in lymphocyte percent (LYM) were observed. Other variables showed no significant change in this group. In addition, there was no difference between the groups.

  However the effects of endurance training on respiratory system is approved somedeal but, few and contradictory evidence exist concerning resistance training (RT), so the purpose of this research was therefore to study effects of eight weeks circuit RT (CRT) on pulmonary function of inactive women. Nineteen volunteer healthy inactive women were randomly divided into 2 groups: without training as control (C) and CRT. A spirometry test was taken 24 h before and after the training course. The training period (8 weeks, 3 sessions/week) for CRT involved two circuits/session, 40-60s for each exercise with 60-80% one repetition maximum (1RM), and 1 and 3 min active rest between exercises and circuits respectively. ANCOVA showed RT increased significantly (p<0.05) maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), peak expiratory flows (PEF), forced expiratory flows 25%-75% ( FEF 25%-75% ), and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) but, vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC ratio didn’t change significantly. The results may suggest that the CRT can improve some pulmonary function factors of healthy young inactive women beside of other benefits of this type of training for women.

The present study examined the effects of progressive exercise (pyramidal) short-term program on plasma fibrinogen, lipid profile and blood viscosity in untrained young men. Changes and imbalances in homeostasis lead to cause of heart attacks. There is conflicting information about the effect of exercise on these factors. 19 young healthy untrained men were randomly assigned to the exercise group (n = 10) and controls (n = 9) groups. Exercise training group with increasing severity of heart maximum 25 to 100 percent began to run the practice (pyramid) in 42-minute sessions, 3 times a week, for 4 weeks. There was no significant difference between the parameters of body composition, control, and training groups. Levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein density and viscosity of the blood significantly decreased in the training group compared with the control group (p value, respectively is 0.001, 0.001 and 0.035). The changes in the concentration of fibrinogen, high-density lipoprotein and triglycerides in both groups are not significant in both groups (p value, respectively is 0.645, 0.993 and 0.421). The present results show that it is possible that progressive training (pyramidal) short-term program changed the levels of cardiovascular risk factors by reducing blood viscosity.

It is reported that resistance exercise causes an elevation of white blood cells (WBC) and some of its parameters such as neutrophils (NUT) and lymphocytes (LYM) but there isn’t enough study about eccentric exercise (ECC). So, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a single session of eccentric resistance exercise on some parameters of white blood cells. Twelve volunteer male sedentary students were selected to participate in this study. Participants were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Experimental group performed an eccentric elbow extension (80% of one maximum repetition, 6 sets, 8-10 replicates/sets). Blood sampling implemented at 30 min before the exercise, immediately after the exercise, 2 hours after the exercise, and 24 hours after the exercise. Cell differentiation of WBC for neutrophils (NUT), lymphocytes (LYM), eosinophils (EOS), and monocytes (MON) performed using automated hematology analyzer system [Sysmex (kx-21)]. NUT:LYM ratio was also calculated. It was observed that WBC (F = 9.611, p = 0.001), NUT (F = 9.6, p < 0.001), and LYM (F = 3.28, p < 0.001) increased significantly in response to eccentric exercise, and this elevation continued by 2 hours after the test, while NUT recovered to the initial levels by 24 hours after the exercise, and WBC and LYM remained at a high level at this time. In conclusion, the elevation of WBC immediately after the test is likely due to neutrocytosis and lymphocytosis, but in the recovery period and 24 hours after the exercise is due to lymphocytosis.

The aim of present research was the effect of short-term use of edible solution of jujube one week before a single session of circuit resistance exercise on neutrophil apoptosis of male students of physical education. 14 young male volunteer students were divided into two groups of placebo (n=7, aged 24.50±2.50, height 171.17±1.70, and weight 67.51±4.92) and jujube solution (n=7, aged 25.25±1.31, height 179.75±3.63, weight 74.07±5.78) at random, performing one circuit resistance exercise (9 moves/stops, 30 seconds for each exercise, 3 nonstop sets with a 3-minute active recession between sets, 10-14 repetitions, and an intensity of 70% maximum repetition). Subjects received placebo and jujube solutions (0.5 g/kgbody weight in 2.5cc of distilled water as long as 7 days) at certain times and double-blind. Blood samples were collected 30 minutes before, immediately, and 2 hours after the exercise for separation and counting the number of neutrophils, and neutrophil apoptosis was determined through AnexinV-FITC kit and flow cytometric method. The results indicated the significant response of initial apoptosis neutrophils to one course of activity by jujube group. However, different responses were observed between two groups of placebo and jujube during the recession after training. Unlike placebo group, the response was significantly lower with a greater decrease after training in jujube group. However, necrosis/delayed apoptosis neutrophils significantly increased in placebo group after 2 hours, while this change was not observed in jujube group. At the end of a 2-hour recession, delayed apoptosis neutrophils significantly decreased in both placebo and jujube groups. The present findings indicate that one-session resistance activity is not very effective after pretreatment with jujube solution during one week. Perhaps this useful effect of jujube can be explained by existing glucose compounds and amino acids which could provide neutrophils with proper nutrition source in comparison with placebo. It is possible that jujube resulted in improvement of neutrophil’s antioxidant capacity, because it has proper antioxidant materials. Therefore, it might be stated that loading with edible jujube solution can be effective in inhibiting apoptosis at least for one week.

The present study investigated the acute and short-term effects of oral feeding of jujube solution on blood platelets and its morphological indices in response to circuit resistance exercise. Fourteen young male volunteer students were randomly divided into the placebo and jujube solution groups. All participants performed one circuit resistance exercise[9stations/nonstop, 30 seconds for each station, 3sets with a 3-minute active rest between sets, and an intensity of 75%with one repeat maximum]. In an acute supplementation protocol, participants received either a placebo or a jujube solution(0.5g/kgbody weight in 2.5cc of distilled water) an hour before testing. Blood samples were collected 60minutes before feeding, immediately after, and 2hours after the exercise. In the short-term supplementation protocol, participants received either placebos or jujube solutions for as long as 7days at certain times and in a double-blind manner. Blood samples were collected 30 minutes before, immediately after, and 2 hours after the exercise. Platelet counts(PLT), platelet distribution width(PDW), mean platelet volume(MPV), and platelet large cell rate(PLC-R) were measured with a hematology auto analyzer. The acute supplementation protocol showed that PLT increased in the placebo group in response to exercise and decreased during the recovery period; in the jujube solution group the alterations were insignificant(p=0.031). PDW,MPV, and PLC-R were not affected by supplementation type and did not change in response to exercise, but they decreased during the 2-hour recovery period(p<0.05). The short-term supplementation protocol showed that PLT,PDW,MPV and PLC-R were not affected by supplementation type and did not change in response to exercise(p<0.05), but all values except PLT(increased in response to exercise and during recovery [p<0.05]) decreased in the 2-hour recovery period(p<0.05). In conclusion, acute jujube solution supplementation could inhibit PLT in response to circuit resistance exercise; so, it can probably inhibit the negative effects of intensive circuit resistance exercise on platelet aggregation and activation.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of endurance (ET), resistance (RT) and concurrent training (CT) on plasma levels of visfatin, insulin, glucose and insulin resistance of non-athlete men with Obesity. It was a semi-experimental study. Thirty six men [age: 21.48 (0.25), and BF%: 27.39 (0.52)], voluntarily participated in this study after public announcement in university. Main inclusion and exclusion criteria was healthy (no physical illness and inability), obesity [based on WHO's definition body fat percentage (BF%) of over 25] and non-athlete (without regular training during week). They were randomly divided into three groups (n=12) for ET, RT and CT. For 8 weeks (3sessions/week), the candidates participated in ET (25-40 min at 65-85% of maximum heart rate), RT (5exercises, 6sets, intensity: 50-80% of one repetition maximum, volumes: 5, 8 and 12repetitions) and CT (one or a half-term ET and then RT with 3 sets). Blood samples were taken 48 h before the first training session and 48 h after the last training session. The ANCOVA was used for the comparison of the effect of three types of training. The BF% in ET was significantly less than that in RT (p<0.01), and in CT, it was less than that for both ET and RT (p<0.01). Plasma visfatin only, in CT was significantly less than that in RT (p<0.01). Plasma insulin levels in CT were significantly higher than that in ET and RT (p<0.01). Plasma glucose levels in CT were less than that in ET and RT, significantly (p<0.01). Insulin resistance only in CT was less than that in ET significantly (p<0.01). In general, the present study showed that maybe, CT have more effect on the body composition, glucose metabolism and insulin resistance adjustment, which can be effective in preventing obesity and adjusting adipocytokines such as visfatin.

"Exercise Training, Neuregulin 4 and Obesity" is an "Editorial Article" and hasn't abstract.