Annals of Applied Sport Science

Background. Controlling and manipulating inter-repetition rest (IRR) could develop diverse levels of fatigue and manifest changes to lifting mechanics.
Objectives. This study's objective was to examine the effect of IRR on the kinematic of snatch lifting during multiple set exercise protocol.
Methods. Fifteen male (n=15) athletes participated in this study (age = 21.0 ± 1.41 years; body weight = 60.82 ± 2.45 kg; height = 165.70 ± 10.88 cm; snatch one-repetition maximum (1RM)/body mass = 0.73 ± 0.117). Session 1 consisted of anthropometric and 1RM determination. Sessions 2-4 involved subjects performing three sets x 5 repetitions of 85% 1RM with 10, 30, or 50 seconds of IRR implemented randomly. Ankle, knee, and hip joint velocity and barbell velocity (BV) were obtained during each protocol using VICON Motion Analysis (100Hz).
Results. Repeated measure ANOVA showed significant differences found in ankle, knee, and hip joint velocity. The barbell velocity showed a significant effect between IRR, (F (2, 28) = 22.831, P < 0.05). Repeated measure Manova showed a significant effect of IRR on the maintenance of kinematics variables across repetition. Barbell velocity showed a significant effect of IRR on the maintenance of velocity across repetition (P = 0.029).
Conclusion. Due to the differences found between IRR protocols, the implementation of IRR may increase or decrease kinematic output due to the different levels of fatigue. The implementation of IRR can help to maintain kinematic variables, which often are affected by neuromuscular fatigue occurred with continuous repetition.

Background. Smoking is a widespread negative phenomenon among university students, often driven by psychological pressure and social problems, increasing the likelihood of them smoking.
Objectives. The study aims to identify the percentage of cotinine in the body and its relationship with the level of achievement to raise the snatch for first-stage students.
Methods. Descriptive methods were used in the survey to study the research problem, dividing the sample into two groups: smokers and non-smokers. The sample was deliberately selected from first-stage students at the Faculty of Education. In the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, with 76 students from Classes D and E, the sample percentage was 23.75% out of a total of 320 students. A cotinine examination was conducted on the sample, which consisted of 70 students divided into two groups: the first group included smokers, and the second group included non-smokers.
Results. The study showed a direct and significant correlation between the variable percentage of cotinine in the body and the variable language. It turned out that the value of the association between cotinine and achievement for the group of smokers is 0.068, which is not significant at a p-value of 0.699. In contrast, the value of the association between cotinine and achievement for the non-smoking group is 0.9470, which is significant at p < 0.001. The relationship is positive, although it did not meet the expected figures.
Conclusion. The study found a weak correlation between cotinine variables and snatch lift achievement in smokers, while non-smokers showed a positive correlation with snatch lift achievement. Smokers had been exposed to smoking for long periods, indicating a weak correlation between cotinine variables and snatch lift achievement. Non-smokers had a standard percentage of cotinine in urine, indicating a stronger correlation between cotinine variables and snatch lift achievement.

Background. Weightlifting demands exceptional physical performance, which relies on muscular strength and endurance, rendering nutrition and the presence of essential mineral elements critical to achieving sports success.
Objectives. The study of the relationship between certain biochemical indicators (iron, potassium, zinc, magnesium, sodium, and selenium) and the level of athletic performance in weightlifters.
Methods. The research sample was deliberately selected to suit the nature of the research and its procedures. The study sample consisted of 7 weightlifters from Amanat Baghdad Sports Club for the 2024/2025 sports season. The age group of the applicants was 73 kg.
Results. The results showed that weightlifters with sufficient levels of these minerals achieved achievements in the snatch lift test, with a positive correlation relationship between achievement and levels of mineral elements, as the values of the correlation coefficient were as follows, iron (0.7270), potassium (0.6930), zinc (0.7490), magnesium (0.8070), sodium (0.7430), selenium (0.7760).
Conclusion. The study concluded that iron, zinc, and magnesium are crucial for weightlifters' snatch lift performance, and their absence can lead to a decline. Potassium enhances endurance and reduces muscle spasms, while zinc supports the immune system and promotes healing processes. A balanced diet with adequate mineral elements is essential for optimal snatch lift results. A lack of these elements can result in a decline in performance.