Annals of Applied Sport Science

• One-third of karate athletes in this study were diagnosed with clinical KOA.
• WOMAC showed a significant difference between positive KOA and negative KOA.

• PT is considered one of the proximal mechanical deficits associated with CAI to compensate for the unstable ankle.
• Clinicians should be aware of CAI maladaptive strategies that contribute to PT as proximal muscle imbalance, gluteal muscular dysfunction, and decreased ankle degrees of freedom.
• In CAI management, clinicians should consider two pathways; a preventive program against PT development and a pelvic realignment approach based on regaining the attached muscles' functional length and strength.
• Further research is needed to determine the cause-effect relation between pelvic malalignment and CAI.

• The use of salivary HHV-6 is expected to allow for earlier detection of PPhF which other markers fail to do.
• Salivary HHV-6 levels increased independently of salivary SIgA levels; thus, the viral marker has a different meaning from the immune marker.

• The proposed research agenda aims to shed light on the next steps for future research regarding sponsorship strategies in the digital environment.
• Both academics and practitioners can use it to continue understanding how digitalization affects marketing strategies, the new technologies that are being adopted in sports, and how the consumers and sports fans are changing their behavior as digital technologies evolve.

• Athletes’ aggression and bullying in the individual, team, and combat sports were investigated.
• Direct and physical aggression is more common in male athletes than in female athletes.
• Most involvement in bullying episodes takes place in team sports.
• Athletes who demonstrate any form of aggressive behavior gets involved in bullying episodes more often.

• Referees don’t conduct appropriate training for their anaerobic capacity which is very important as some of the most demanding and important match intervals occur in the anaerobic zone.
• These intervals are characterized by a decline in motor and functional abilities as well as cognitive abilities that are significant in referees, such as attention, concentration, and decision-making (even though it doesn’t have a statistically significant impact on the quality of refereeing).
• To reduce the possibility of errors caused by these aspects of refereeing to a minimum, referees should conduct programmed training to increase their level of functional abilities with special emphasis on increasing anaerobic capacity under supervision or with the guidance of a professional.

• The scoring techniques in judo training is mostly used Ashi-waza; therefore, it is recommended that coaches and judo players have more movements of Ashi-waza as a part of the warm-up during the training, such as De-Ashi-Harai, Okuri-Ashi-Harai, and Sasae-Tsurikomi-Ashi.
• Osae-komi-waza is the second most that judo players got points from the games and it takes up a certain proportion of the whole game. It is recommended that coaches and judo players can strengthen the training, such as suppressing one judo player with two to three players to improve the training intensity. Coaches and judo players can try from different angles in Shime waza and Kansetsu waza to increase the training weight.
• Sutemi-waza which has a higher score or wins the games was used less by Taiwanese judo players. To face the diversity of international judo players’ techniques, it is suggested that coaches and judo players should increase the proportion of Sutemi-waza training in their usual training and competitions.

• This study identifies vital business resources for event organizers to attain success through the systematic review. Strategic sports event management plans and marketing communication tools should be formulated to exploit each type of business resource properly.
• Consequences from government-related policies should be considered when managing sports events.

• Since the topic of the health of children of different ages has always been and will continue to be very significant. It is important to take into account the influence of physical activity of schoolchildren in physical education lessons, to increase the motivation of children for physical education lessons at school, to look for new optimal methods of influence.
• Physical education classes at school should be aimed not only at the development of physical qualities, but also mental processes, such as the attention of schoolchildren. As for future research, it would be interesting to establish the possible influence of physical activity of children of different ages on other mental processes, for example, such as memory or thinking.