Articles In Press / Online First                   Back to the articles list | Back to browse issues page


XML Print


1- Exercise and Sport Science Program, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
2- Exercise and Sport Science Program, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia. , hairulkb@usm.my
Abstract:   (9 Views)
Background. Cardiopulmonary and perceptual responses to prolonged continuous exercise are well documented, yet how these responses evolve during brief high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) in college students across weight categories remains unclear.
Objectives. The aim of this study is to quantify the effects of a 2-week, 8-session HIIE intervention on cardiorespiratory fitness and perceptual responses in overweight versus normal-weight college students.
Methods. Thirty inactive participants (age 20.4 ± 1.6 y; baseline body-mass 66.6 ± 14.4 kg; BMI 25.3 ± 4.4 kg·m⁻²) were stratified into Normal-weight (n=13; BMI 23.99 ± 4.27 kg·m⁻²) and Overweight (n=17; BMI 26.39 ± 4.35 kg·m⁻²) groups. Each session comprised of 8–10 × 1-min work intervals at 90% maximal aerobic speed (MAS) with 75 s self-paced walking recovery. Cardiorespiratory fitness (20-m shuttle-run estimated VO₂max), body composition, heart rate (HR), Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE), Feeling Scale (FS), and Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) were assessed pre- and post-intervention.
Results. Overweight participants reduced body-mass by 1.3 kg (95% CI –2.0, –0.6; ES=0.28), waist circumference by 2.7 cm (–4.1, –1.3; ES=0.39), and fat mass by 1.1% (–1.8, –0.4; ES=0.31) compared with negligible changes in the Normal-weight group (all between-group P<0.05). Estimated VO₂max rose 9.8% in the Overweight group (+3.3 mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹; P=0.00, ES=0.24) versus 4.7 % in the Normal-weight group (+1.5 mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹; P=0.00, ES=0.18). Mean HR during work intervals was 9–10 b·min⁻¹ higher in the Overweight group across sessions (P<0.001, ES=0.51–0.53). FS scores improved by +1.2 ± 0.8 units in overweight and +0.6 ± 0.7 units in Normal-weight from session 1 to session 8 (time effect P<0.01). PACES enjoyment increased by 18% in overweight (+12 points, ES=0.41) and 10% in Normal-weight (+7 points, ES=0.22). No adverse events were reported, and compliance was 100%.
Conclusion. In conclusion, this study found increased enjoyment and effectiveness over time in overweight students, suggesting a promising method to boost activity levels.
Full-Text [PDF 1231 kb]   (4 Downloads)    
 
 
APPLICABLE REMARKS
  • A 2-week HIIE training can be used to improve estimated VO₂max and body-composition indices among overweight college students.
  • Affective responses become more positive as individuals become familiar with the HIIE.
  • A field-based HIIE can be a time-efficient strategy to enhance cardiorespiratory fitness and affective valence.

Type of Study: Original Article | Subject: Sport Physiology and its related branches
Received: 2025/06/8 | Accepted: 2025/09/12

References
1. 1. Gropper SS, Simmons KP, Gaines A, Drawdy K, Saunders D, Ulrich P, et al. The Freshman 15- A Closer Look. Journal of American College Health. 2009;58(3):223-31. [DOI:10.1080/07448480903295334] [PMID]
2. US Department of Health and Human Services. Physical activity guidelines for Americans. 2008.
3. American Heart Association. Recommendations for Physical Activity in Adults and Kids. 2018.
4. World Health Organization (WHO). Physical Activity Factsheets for the 2018 Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases. 2018.
5. Gibala M. J, Gillen J. B. High-intensity interval training: A review of the physiological and psychological effects. J Sports Sci Med. 2017;16(3):276-86.
6. Buchheit M., Laursen P. B. High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle: Part I: Cardiopulmonary emphasis. Sports Medicine. 2013;43(5):313-38. [DOI:10.1007/s40279-013-0029-x] [PMID]
7. Andreato L. V., de Oliveira L. F., de Souza M. A. Effects of high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness and health outcomes in adults: A systematic review. Sports Medicine. 2019;49(1):121-33.
8. Biddle S. J. H., Batterham A. M. High-intensity exercise: A critical review of the implications for public health. J Phys Act Health. 2015;12(2):244-52. [DOI:10.1186/s12966-015-0254-9] [PMID] []
9. Schneider M., Dunn A. L., Jones L. W. Affective responses to exercise and exercise adherence: A review of the literature. J Phys Act Health. 2009;6(3):452-7.
10. Gibala MJ, Little JP, MacDonald MJ, Hawley JA. Physiological adaptations to low‐volume, high‐intensity interval training in health and disease. J Physiol. 2012;590(5):1077-84. [DOI:10.1113/jphysiol.2011.224725] [PMID] []
11. Astorino TA, Edmunds RM, Clark A, King L, Gallant RA, Namm S, et al. High-Intensity Interval Training Increases Cardiac Output and V˙O2max. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017;49(2):265-73. [DOI:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001099] [PMID]
12. Ekkekakis P, Lind E. Exercise does not feel the same when you are overweight: the impact of self-selected and imposed intensity on affect and exertion. Int J Obes. 2006;30(4):652-60. [DOI:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803052] [PMID]
13. Hardcastle SJ, Ray H, Beale L, Hagger MS. Why sprint interval training is inappropriate for a largely sedentary population. Front Psychol. 2014;5:1505. [DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01505] [PMID] []
14. Ekkekakis P, Parfitt G, Petruzzello SJ. The Pleasure and Displeasure People Feel When They Exercise at Different Intensities. Sports Medicine. 2011;41(8):641-71. [DOI:10.2165/11590680-000000000-00000] [PMID]
15. Jung ME, Bourne JE, Little JP. Where Does HIT Fit? An Examination of the Affective Response to High-Intensity Intervals in Comparison to Continuous Moderate- and Continuous Vigorous-Intensity Exercise in the Exercise Intensity-Affect Continuum. PLoS One. 2014;9(12): e114541. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0114541] [PMID] []
16. Schneider M, Dunn A, Cooper D. Affect, Exercise, and Physical Activity among Healthy Adolescents. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2009;31(6):706-23. [DOI:10.1123/jsep.31.6.706] [PMID] []
17. Ismaeel A. Effects of Betaine Supplementation on Muscle Strength and Power: A Systematic Review. J Strength Cond Res. 2017;31(8):2338-46. [DOI:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001959] [PMID]
18. Shamsuddin N., Kamil W., Baharudin N. S. Validity and reliability of the Malay version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-M) among a Malaysian adult population. Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine. 2015;15(2):56-63.
19. Chu AHY, Moy FM. Reliability and Validity of the Malay International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-M) Among a Malay Population in Malaysia. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health. 2015;27(2):NP2381-9. [DOI:10.1177/1010539512444120] [PMID]
20. Cooper SM, Baker JS, Tong RJ, Roberts E, Hanford M. The repeatability and criterion related validity of the 20 m multistage fitness test as a predictor of maximal oxygen uptake in active young men. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39(4):19. [DOI:10.1136/bjsm.2004.013078] [PMID] []
21. Hardy CJ, Rejeski WJ. Not What, but How One Feels: The Measurement of Affect during Exercise. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 1989;11(3):304-17. [DOI:10.1123/jsep.11.3.304]
22. Thum JS, Parsons G, Whittle T, Astorino TA. High-Intensity Interval Training Elicits Higher Enjoyment than Moderate Intensity Continuous Exercise. PLoS One. 2017;12(1):e0166299. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0166299] [PMID] []
23. Ekkekakis P, Parfitt G, Petruzzello SJ. The Pleasure and Displeasure People Feel When they Exercise at Different Intensities. Sports Medicine. 2011;41(8):641-71. [DOI:10.2165/11590680-000000000-00000] [PMID]
24. Van Landuyt LM, Ekkekakis P, Hall EE, Petruzzello SJ. Throwing the Mountains into the Lakes: On the Perils of Nomothetic Conceptions of the Exercise-Affect Relationship. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2000;22(3):208-34. [DOI:10.1123/jsep.22.3.208]
25. Russell JA, Weiss A, Mendelsohn GA. Affect Grid: A single-item scale of pleasure and arousal. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1989;57(3):493-502. [DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.57.3.493]
26. Kendzierski D, DeCarlo KJ. Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale: Two Validation Studies. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 1991;13(1):50-64. [DOI:10.1123/jsep.13.1.50]
27. Zhang R, Abdul Malik A, Anuar Hashim H. Effects of 10 Weeks of Outdoor-Based High-Intensity Interval Exercise on Perceptual Responses, Health Parameters, and Cortisol Levels in Overweight-to-Obese Adults. Ann Appl Sport Sci. 2025 May 10;13(1):0-. [DOI:10.61186/aassjournal.1459]
28. Borg G. Borg's perceived exertion and pain scales. Human Kinetics. 1998.
29. Gerbeaux D, Coudray M, Montpetit R. Maximal aerobic speed in athletes: Prediction from the 20-meter shuttle run test. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1991;62(3):232-8.
30. Cohen. J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 1988.
31. Ebong IA, Goff DC Jr, Rodriguez CJ, Chen H, Bertoni AG. Mechanisms of heart failure in obesity. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2014;8(6):e540-e548. [DOI:10.1016/j.orcp.2013.12.005] [PMID] []
32. Zhang R, Malik AA, Hashim HA. Affective responses during low-volume high-intensity interval exercise in overweight and obese adults: A systematic review. Sports Medicine and Health Science. 2025. [DOI:10.1016/j.smhs.2025.04.002]
33. Andreato LV, Esteves JV, Coimbra DR, Moraes AJ, De Carvalho T. The influence of high‐intensity interval training on anthropometric variables of adults with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis. Obesity reviews. 2019;20(1):142-55. [DOI:10.1111/obr.12766] [PMID]
34. Strohacker K, Galarraga O, Williams DM. The impact of incentives on exercise behavior: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Ann Behav Med. 2014;48(1):92-99. [DOI:10.1007/s12160-013-9577-4] [PMID] []

Send email to the article author


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2025 CC BY-NC 4.0 | Annals of Applied Sport Science

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb