1. 1. Garcia A. Why sponsors are breaking up with the Olympics: CNN Money; February 17, 2018 [Available from: https://money.cnn.com/2018/02/17/news/companies/olympic-sponsors-mcdonalds-budweiser/index.html.
2. Hobbs T. Olympics 2016: Nissan and Samsung the biggest winners as majority of sponsors fail to ignite: MW Marketing Week; 22 Aug, 2016 [Available from: https://www.marketingweek.com/2016/08/22/olympics-2016-nissan-and-samsung-the-biggest-winners-as-majority-of-sponsors-fail-to-ignite/.
3. Price waterhouse Coopers (PwC). At the gate and beyond: Outlook for the sports market in North America through 2021. USA: Price waterhouse Coopers LLP.
4. Meenaghan JA. Commercial Sponsorship. European Journal of Marketing. 1983;17(7):5-73. [
DOI:10.1108/EUM0000000004825]
5. Freeman RE, Reed DL. Stockholders and Stakeholders: A New Perspective on Corporate Governance. California Management Review. 1983;25(3):88-106. [
DOI:10.2307/41165018]
6. Porter ME, Kramer MR. The big idea: Creating shared value. Harvard Business Review. 2011;89 (1/2):62–77.
7. Crompton JL. Potential negative outcomes from sports sponsorship. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship. 2015;16(3):20-34. [
DOI:10.1108/IJSMS-16-03-2015-B003]
8. Deloitte Consulting LLP. Deloitte's sports industry starting lineup: Trends expected to disrupt and dominate 2018: Deloitte Consulting LLP; 2018 [Available from: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/consumer-business/us-cb-deloitte-sports-business-trends-disruption.pdf.
9. Mandela N. Inaugural speech at the Laureus World Sport Awards: Laureus; 25th May, 2000 [Available from: https://www.laureus.com/content/introduction-laureus.
10. Matsumoto D. The Handbook of Culture and Psychology: Oxford University Press; 2001.
11. Spencer-Oatey H. Culturally speaking: culture, communication and politeness theory. 2nd ed: Continuum; 2008.
12. Fisne M, Gul M. The Importance of Cultural Differences in Global Sports Marketing: Examples from Local Cultures and Global Sports Industry. 12th Annual International Conference on Sports: Economic, Management, Marketing & Social Aspects; Athens, Greece2012. p. 2.
13. Anastasiadou SD, Vafeiadis T. Study of social influence of publicity with Principal Components Analysis. International Journal of Business and Social Science. 2011;2(8):226-33.
14. Jamaran. Social class influence in sports 2016 [Available from: https://www.jamaran.ir/99327.
15. Markovits AS, Smith DT. Sports culture among undergraduates: A study of student athletes and students at the University of Michigan. University of Michigan Library: Michigan Publishing; 2007.
16. Keshkar S, Ghasemi H, Karegar G. Definition of sports culture and its components regarding to experts, athletes and sport authorities opinions in Iran. Scientific Journal Of Organizational Behavior Management in Sport Studies. 2016;3(4):11-22 [Article in Farsi].
17. World of Rolex. Rolex and Sports: Rolex; 2018 [Available from: https://www.rolex.com/rolex-and-sports.html.
18. Baronet A. Nike's Sports Sponsorship Strategy Barcelona: Esade Alumni; 2008 [Available from: http://www.esadealumni.net/ea/activities/detalle_eventos_pasados?id_evento=80381.
19. Marketbl. Case Study: Nike's Marketing Strategy 2017 [Available from: http://marketbl.com/blog/case-study-nikes-marketing-strategy.
20. USA Wrestling. About-Us/Sponsors: teamusa.org; n.d. [Available from: https://www.teamusa.org/USA-Wrestling/About-Us/Sponsors.
21. U.S. Soccer. Official Sponsors: United States Soccer Federation Inc; n.d. [Available from: https://www.ussoccer.com/about/sponsors.
22. Trachsler T, DeGaris L, Dodds M. Sport commercialism and its impact on sponsorship strategy. Sports Management International Journal: Choregia. 2015;11(2):77-92. [
DOI:10.4127/ch.2015.0103]
23. McCarville RE, Copeland RP. Understanding Sport Sponsorship through Exchange Theory. Journal of Sport Management. 1994;8(2):102-14. [
DOI:10.1123/jsm.8.2.102]
24. Madrigal R. The Influence of Social Alliances with Sports Teams on Intentions to Purchase Corporate Sponsors' Products. Journal of Advertising. 2000;29(4):13-24. [
DOI:10.1080/00913367.2000.10673621]
25. Crompton JL. Potential negative outcomes from sponsorship for a sport property. Managing Leisure. 2014;19(6):420-41. [
DOI:10.1080/13606719.2014.912050]
26. Dodds M, Rasku R, Laitila O. Corruption impact on sport sponsorship strategy. Sports Management International Journal : Choregia. 2018;14(1):21-33. [
DOI:10.4127/ch.2018.0127]
27. Uhrich S, Koenigstorfer J, Groeppel-Klein A. Leveraging sponsorship with corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Research. 2014;67(9):2023-9. [
DOI:10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.10.008]
28. Szykman LR, Bloom PN, Blazing J. Does Corporate Sponsorship of a Socially-Oriented Message Make a Difference? An Investigation of the Effects of Sponsorship Identity on Responses to an Anti-Drinking and Driving Message. Journal of Consumer Psychology. 2004;14(1):13-20. [
DOI:10.1207/s15327663jcp1401&2_3]
29. Walker M, Hills S. Social program evaluations: Strategies and shared value. Sport & Entertainment Review. 2017;3:65-71.
30. Cornwell B. Soliciting Sport Sponsorship. In: Bradbury T, O'Boyle I, editors. Understanding Sport Management: International perspectives: Taylor & Francis; 2017.
31. Alvesson M. Understanding organizational culture. 2nd ed. London: Sage; 2013. 236 p. [
PMCID]
32. Dietl HM, Özdemir A, Schweizer N. Outsourcing sports sponsorship activities: a multi-theoretical approach. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal. 2017;7(1):77-96. [
DOI:10.1108/SBM-09-2014-0041]
33. Nufer G, Bühler A. Establishing and maintaining win-win relationships in the sports sponsorship business. Journal of Sponsorship. 2010;3(2):157-68.
34. Morgan A, Adair D, Taylor T, Hermens A. Sport sponsorship alliances: relationship management for shared value. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal. 2014;4(4):270-83. [
DOI:10.1108/SBM-12-2013-0044]
35. Jensen JA, Cornwell TB. Why Do Marketing Relationships End? Findings From an Integrated Model of Sport Sponsorship Decision-Making. Journal of Sport Management. 2017;31(4):401-18. [
DOI:10.1123/jsm.2016-0232]
36. Payne M. Olympic Turnaround. 1st ed. London, UK: London Business Press; 2005.
37. Keller C. Steuerung von Fußballunternehmen: Finanziellen und sportlichen Erfolg langfristig gestalten. 1st ed. Berlin: Erich Schmidt Verlag GmbH & Co; 2008. 381 p.
38. Meenaghan T. The Role of Sponsorship in the Marketing Communications Mix. International Journal of Advertising. 1991;10(1):35-47. [
DOI:10.1080/02650487.1991.11104432]
39. Richards JI, Catharine MC. Oracles on "Advertising": Searching for a Definition. Journal of Advertising. 2002;31(2):63-77. [
DOI:10.1080/00913367.2002.10673667]
40. Zafer Erdogan B, Kitchen PJ. Managerial mindsets and the symbiotic relationship between sponsorship and advertising. Marketing Intelligence & Planning. 1998;16(6):369-74.
41. Crimmins J, Horn M. Sponsorship: From management ego trip to marketing success. Journal of Advertising Research. 1996;36(4):11-22. [
DOI:10.1108/02634509810237578]
41. Tan SJ, Chia L. Are we measuring the same attitude? Understanding media effects on attitude towards advertising. Marketing Theory. 2007;7(4):353-77. [
DOI:10.1177/1470593107083162]
42. Pyun DY, James JD. Attitude toward advertising through sport: A theoretical framework. Sport Management Review. 2011;14(1):33-41. [
DOI:10.1016/j.smr.2009.12.002]
43. Jackson SJ, Andrews DL. Sport, Culture and Advertising: Identities, Commodities and the Politics of Representation. 1st ed: Taylor & Francis; 2005. 288 p. [
DOI:10.4324/9780203462003]
44. Lopez-Gonzalez H, Guerrero-Solé F, Griffiths MD. A content analysis of how 'normal' sports betting behaviour is represented in gambling advertising. Addiction Research & Theory. 2018;26(3):238-47. [
DOI:10.1080/16066359.2017.1353082]
45. Scherer J, Jackson SJ. Sports Advertising, Cultural Production and Corporate Nationalism at the Global-Local Nexus: Branding the New Zealand All Blacks. Sport in Society. 2007;10(2):268-84. [
DOI:10.1080/17430430601147112]
46. Westberg K, Stavros C, Smith ACT, Munro G, Argus K. An examination of how alcohol brands use sport to engage consumers on social media. Drug and Alcohol Review. 2018;37(1):28-35. [
DOI:10.1111/dar.12493] [
PMID]
47. Aswad C. Women in sports ad strikes nerve in Arab world: Reuters; February 23, 2017 [Available from: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-arab-women-nike/women-in-sports-ad-strikes-nerve-in-arab-world-idUSKBN1620I7.
48. Sponsorship.com. Press Room: Press Releases: FIFA Secures $1.6 Billion in World Cup Sponsorship Revenue: Sponsorship.com; 2010 [Available from: http://www.sponsorship.com/About-IEG/Press-Room/FIFA-Secures-$1-6-Billion-in-World-Cup-Sponsorship.aspx.
49. FIFA.com. About FIFA: FIFA Partners: FIFA; n.d. [Available from: https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/marketing/sponsorship/partners/index.html.
50. Irwin RL, Sutton WA, McCarthy LM. Sport Promotion and Sales Management. 2nd ed: Human Kinetics; 2008. 339 p.
51. Javalgi RG, Traylor MB, Gross AC, Edward L. Awareness of Sponsorship and Corporate Image: An Empirical Investigation. Journal of Advertising. 1994;23(4):47-58. [
DOI:10.1080/00913367.1943.10673458]
52. Gwinner KP, Eaton J. Building Brand Image through Event Sponsorship: The Role of Image Transfer. Journal of Advertising. 1999;28(4):47-57. [
DOI:10.1080/00913367.1999.10673595]
53. Scott DR, Suchard HT. Motivations for Australian Expenditure on Sponsorship—An Analysis. International Journal of Advertising. 1992;11(4):325-32. [
DOI:10.1080/02650487.1992.11104508]
54. Sen S, Bhattacharya CB. Does Doing Good Always Lead to Doing Better? Consumer Reactions to Corporate Social Responsibility. Journal of Marketing Research. 2001;38(2):225-43. [
DOI:10.1509/jmkr.38.2.225.18838]
55. Miyazaki AD, Morgan AG. Assessing the Market Value of Sponsoring: Corporate Olympic Sponsorships. Journal of Advertising Research. 2001;41(1):9. [
DOI:10.2501/JAR-41-1-9-15]
56. Madrigal R. Social identity effects in a belief–attitude–intentions hierarchy: Implications for corporate sponsorship. Psychology & Marketing. 2001;18(2):145-65.
https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6793(200102)18:2<145::AID-MAR1003>3.0.CO;2-T [
DOI:10.1002/1520-6793(200102)18:23.0.CO;2-T]
57. Burden-Hamer H, Emirates Group. Emirates gets Benfica fans on their feet: Emirates Group; 27 October, 2015 [Available from: https://www.emirates.com/media-centre/emirates-gets-benfica-fans-on-their-feet.
58. Juventus.com. Club. Partners. Jeep n.d. [Available from: http://www.juventus.com/en/club/partners/jeep.php.
59. Jeep.com. Jeep | Juventus: Jeep.com; n.d. [Available from: http://www.juventus.jeep.com/en/global/.
60. Chanavat N, Desbordes M, Dickson G. Sponsorship networks: toward an innovative model. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal. 2016;6(4):424-39. [
DOI:10.1108/SBM-12-2015-0041]
61. Chandler J. Sport is not a religion. In: Hoffman J, editor. Sport and Religion. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 1992. p. 55–61.
62. Hoffman SJ. Good game: Christianity and the culture of sports: Baylor University Press; 2010. 341 p.
63. Stolz J, Usunier J-C. Religions as brands? Religion and spirituality in consumer society. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion. 2018:1-26. [
DOI:10.1080/14766086.2018.1445008]
64. Lee S. Marketing through sport: a case of a religious organization. International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing. 2010;7(1):87-96. [
DOI:10.1007/s12208-009-0043-8]
65. Nite C, Singer JN, Cunningham GB. Addressing competing logics between the mission of a religious university and the demands of intercollegiate athletics. Sport Management Review. 2013;16(4):465-76. [
DOI:10.1016/j.smr.2013.03.002]
66. Cunningham S, Cornwell TB, Coote LV. Expressing Identity and Shaping Image: The Relationship between Corporate Mission and Corporate Sponsorship. Journal of Sport Management. 2009;23(1):65-86. [
DOI:10.1123/jsm.23.1.65]
67. Butterworth M, Senkbeil K. Cross-cultural comparisons of religion as "character": Football and soccer in the United States and Germany. International Review for the Sociology of Sport. 2015;52(2):129-45. [
DOI:10.1177/1012690215588214]
68. Mansour IHF, Diab DME. The relationship between celebrities' credibility and advertising effectiveness: The mediation role of religiosity. Journal of Islamic Marketing. 2016;7(2):148-66. [
DOI:10.1108/JIMA-05-2013-0036]
69. Dun S. No beer, no way! Football fan identity enactment won't mix with Muslim beliefs in the Qatar 2022 World Cup. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events. 2014;6(2):186-99. [
DOI:10.1080/19407963.2014.925256]
70. Cox M, Dickson G, Cox B. Lifting the veil on allowing headscarves in football: A co-constructed and analytical autoethnography. Sport Management Review. 2017;20(5):522-34. [
DOI:10.1016/j.smr.2017.08.005]
71. Xie G-X, Atay EG, Kahle LR, Ring K, editors. Effective Advertising Decisions in Television Sports Programs. Proceedings of the 2007 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference; 2015 2015//; Cham: Springer International Publishing. [
DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-11806-2_122]
72. Holland CP, editor Internet and Social Media Strategy in Sports Marketing. Twenty-Third European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS); 2015; Münster, Germany: Association for Information Systems (AIS) Electronic Library (AISeL).
73. Neti S. Social media and its role in marketing. International Journal of Enterprise Computing and Business Systems. 2011;1(2):1-15.
74. Sajid S. Social Media and Its Role in Marketing. Business and Economics Journal. 2016;7(1):1000203.
75. Husain S, Ghufran A, Chaubey DS. Relevance of social media in marketing and advertising. Splint International Journal of Professionals. 2016;3(7):21-8.
76. Horák T. Influence of Mass Media, Marketing and Advertising on Development of Sports: State University of New York; 2016.
77. SLC Team. List of Websites and Apps Blocked in China [Updated Aug 2018]: Startup Living China; 10 August, 2018 [Available from: https://startuplivingchina.com/list-websites-apps-blocked-china/.
78. Bernstein A, Blain N. Sport and the Media: The Emergence of a Major Research Field. Culture, Sport, Society. 2002;5(3):1-30. [
DOI:10.1080/911094213]
79. Boyle R, Haynes R. Power Play: Sport, the Media and Popular Culture. 2nd ed: Edinburgh University Press; 2009. 254 p.
81. Summers J, Johnson Morgan M. More than just the media: Considering the role of public relations in the creation of sporting celebrity and the management of fan expectations. Public Relations Review. 2008;34(2):176-82.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2008.03.014 [
DOI:10.3366/edinburgh/9780748635924.001.0001]
80. Brown WJ, de Matviuk MAC. Sports Celebrities and Public Health: Diego Maradona's Influence on Drug Use Prevention. Journal of Health Communication. 2010;15(4):358-73. [
DOI:10.1080/10810730903460575] [
PMID]
81. Fraser BP, Brown WJ. Media, Celebrities, and Social Influence: Identification With Elvis Presley. Mass Communication and Society. 2002;5(2):183-206. [
DOI:10.1207/S15327825MCS0502_5]
82. Knowlton E. LeBron James' business partner confirms lifetime deal with Nike is worth over $1 billion: Business Insider UK; May 17, 2016 [Available from: http://uk.businessinsider.com/lebron-james-nike-deal-exceeds-1-billion-maverick-carter-says-2016-5.
83. Heitner D. Sports Industry To Reach $73.5 Billion By 2019: Forbes; Oct 19, 2015 [Available from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/darrenheitner/2015/10/19/sports-industry-to-reach-73-5-billion-by-2019/#3096ae391b4b.
84. Bryan B. MORGAN STANLEY: Stephen Curry could be worth $14 billion: Business Insider; 2016, 30 September [Available from: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/steph-curry-worth-14-billion-to-under-armour-2016-3?r=US&IR=T.
85. Kahle LR, Homer PM. Physical Attractiveness of the Celebrity Endorser: A Social Adaptation Perspective. Journal of Consumer Research. 1985;11(4):954-61. [
DOI:10.1086/209029]
86. Kamins MA. An Investigation into the "Match-up" Hypothesis in Celebrity Advertising: When Beauty May Be Only Skin Deep. Journal of Advertising. 1990;19(1):4-13. [
DOI:10.1080/00913367.1990.10673175]
87. Ohanian R. The impact of celebrity spokespersons' perceived image on consumers' intention to purchase. Journal of Advertising Research. 1991;31(1):46-54.
88. Elberse A, Jeroen V. The Economic Value of Celebrity Endorsements. Journal of Advertising Research. 2012;52(2):149–65. [
DOI:10.2501/JAR-52-2-149-165]
89. Kelly SJ, Weeks CS, Chien PM. There goes my hero again: sport scandal frequency and social identity driven response. Journal of Strategic Marketing. 2018;26(1):56-70. [
DOI:10.1080/0965254X.2017.1359656]
90. Isidore C, Wattles J. Ryan Lochte ditched by four major sponsors: CNN Money; August 22, 2016 [Available from: https://money.cnn.com/2016/08/22/news/companies/ryan-lochte-speedo/.
91. Knittel CR, Stango V. Celebrity Endorsements, Firm Value, and Reputation Risk: Evidence from the Tiger Woods Scandal. Management Science. 2013;60(1):21-37. [
DOI:10.1287/mnsc.2013.1749]
92. Smyth J. Sponsors cut ties with Australian cricket after cheating scandal: Financial Times; March 29, 2018 [Available from: https://www.ft.com/content/411debb2-32f5-11e8-b5bf-23cb17fd1498.
93. Vredenburg J, Giroux M. What did Ryan Lochte do? The double-edged sword of endorsers behaving badly. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship. 2018;19(3):290-305. [
DOI:10.1108/IJSMS-02-2017-0012]
94. Chung KYC, Derdenger TP, Srinivasan K. Economic Value of Celebrity Endorsements: Tiger Woods' Impact on Sales of Nike Golf Balls. Marketing Science. 2013;32(2):271-93. [
DOI:10.1287/mksc.1120.0760]
95. Chen C-Y, Claussen CL, Lin Y-H. Celebrity endorsement for sporting events using classical conditioning. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship. 2012;13(3):46-56. [
DOI:10.1108/IJSMS-13-03-2012-B005]
96. Bee C, Dalakas V. Rivalries and sponsor affiliation: Examining the effects of social identity and argument strength on responses to sponsorship-related advertising messages. Journal of Marketing Communications. 2015;21(6):408-24.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2013.860260 [
DOI:10.1080/13527266.2013.828768]
97. Knoll J, Matthes J. The effectiveness of celebrity endorsements: a meta-analysis. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. 2017;45(1):55-75. [
DOI:10.1007/s11747-016-0503-8]
98. Meng J, Pan P-L. Revisiting Image-Restoration Strategies: An Integrated Case Study of Three Athlete Sex Scandals in Sports News. International Journal of Sport Communication. 2013;6(1):87-100. [
DOI:10.1123/ijsc.6.1.87]
99. Carlson BD, Donavan DT. Be Like Mike: The Role of Social Identification in Athlete Endorsements. Sport Marketing Quarterly. 2017;26(3):176-91.
100. Gorse S, Chadwick S. Conceptualising corruption in sport: Implications for sponsorship programmes. The European Business Review. 2010:40-5.
101. SPORTS NEWS. Balotelli to have good behaviour clause in Milan contract: Reuters; AUGUST 26, 2015 [Available from: https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-soccer-italy-milan-balotelli/balotelli-to-have-good-behaviour-clause-in-milan-contract-idUKKCN0QV0QU20150826.
102. Sato S, Ko YJ, Chang Y, Kay M. How Does the Negative Impact of an Athlete's Reputational Crisis Spill Over to Endorsed and Competing Brands? The Moderating Effects of Consumer Knowledge. Communication & Sport. 2018:2167479518783461.
103. Mottier V. Sexuality: A Very Short Introduction. 1st ed. New Yourk: Oxford University Press; 2008. 156 p. [
DOI:10.1093/actrade/9780199298020.001.0001] [
PMCID]
104. Jensen JA, Turner B. Advances in Sport Sponsorship Revenue Forecasting: An Event History Analysis Approach. Sport Marketing Quarterly. August 29, 2016;Forthcoming(Forthcoming):https://ssrn.com/abstract=2914372.
105. Lee M. Naming gay All Blacks marks sexuality, not talent: New Zealand Herald; 14 Jan, 2013 [Available from: https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10858894.
106. Kane MJ, LaVoi NM, Fink JS. Exploring Elite Female Athletes' Interpretations of Sport Media Images: A Window Into the Construction of Social Identity and "Selling Sex" in Women's Sports. Communication & Sport. 2013;1(3):269-98. [
DOI:10.1177/2167479512473585]
107. Bass J, Hardin R, Taylor EA. The Glass Closet: Perceptions of Homosexuality in Intercollegiate Sport. Journal of Applied Sport Management. 2015;7(4):1-31. [
DOI:10.18666/JASM-2015-V7-I4-5298]
108. Anderson E. Sport, Masculinities and Sexualities. 1st ed. New York: Taylor & Francis; 2013. 202 p.
109. Melton EN, Cunningham GB. Examining the Workplace Experiences of Sport Employees Who Are LGBT: A Social Categorization Theory Perspective. Journal of Sport Management. 2014;28(1):21-33. [
DOI:10.1123/jsm.2011-0157]
110. McCormack M. Mapping the Terrain of Homosexually-Themed Language. Journal of Homosexuality. 2011;58(5):664-79. [
DOI:10.1080/00918369.2011.563665] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
111. Logue M. Russia picks the wrong fight: How will sponsors respond? SBJ SportsBusiness Journal: SBD SportsBusiness Daily; October 28, 2013 [Available from: https://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Journal/Issues/2013/10/28/Opinion/Matthew-Logue.aspx.
112. Cunningham G, Melton EN. The benefits of sexual orientation diversity in sport organizations. In: Anderson E, editor. Sport, Masculinities and Sexualities. 1st ed. New York: Taylor & Francis; 2013. p. 103-19.
113. Cleland J. Sexuality, masculinity and homophobia in association football: An empirical overview of a changing cultural context. International Review for the Sociology of Sport. 2016;53(4):411-23. [
DOI:10.1177/1012690216663189]
114. i-SCOOP. Digital transformation: online guide to digital transformation: i-SCOOP; [Available from: https://www.i-scoop.eu/digital-transformation/.
115. Short J. IBM Leads Digital Transformation in Sports: IT Biz Advisor; 12 July, 2017 [Available from: https://itbizadvisor.com/2017/07/ibm-leads-digital-transformation-in-sports/.
116. Lalli F. Sport Digital Transformation: the new direction of Customer and Fan Experience: Medium Corporation; May 14, 2018 [Available from: https://medium.com/iquii/sport-digital-transformation-the-new-direction-of-customer-and-fan-experience-9eca0605156d.
117. Bacon J. How sport sponsorship is joining the digital age: MW Marketing Week; 22 Apr 2015 [Available from: https://www.marketingweek.com/2015/04/22/how-sport-sponsorship-is-joining-the-digital-age/.
118. Zencka D. Let the social and mobile games begin: Iprospect.com; 2012, August 7 [Available from: http://www.iprospect.com/tag/social-media-olympics.
119. Carpenter R. Real-Time Marketing Isn't What You Think It Is: Evergage; June 15, 2014 [Available from: https://www.evergage.com/blog/real-time-marketing-isnt-what-you-think-it-is/.
120. Stewart J. Digital Transformation in Sports and Entertainment: CSQ; 2017, July 25 [Available from: https://csq.com/2017/07/jeffrey-stewart-digital-transformation-sports-entertainment/#.W8CgW2hKhPY.
121. Gazdik T. Visa Finds Contactless Payment Catches On At FIFA World Cup: Media Post; June 29, 2018 [Available from: https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/321516/visa-finds-contactless-payment-catches-on-at-fifa.html.