Volume 8 - Autumn Supplementary
Ann Appl Sport Sci 2020, 8 - Autumn Supplementary: 0-0 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Alavi S Y, Mirdar S. The Effects of Eight Weeks High Intensity Intermittent Training and Blood Flow Restricted on Angiogenic Markers of Muscle in Male Runners. Ann Appl Sport Sci 2020; 8 (S1)
URL: http://aassjournal.com/article-1-840-en.html
URL: http://aassjournal.com/article-1-840-en.html
1- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran , yaseralavi@gmail.com
2- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
2- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
Abstract: (3717 Views)
Background. Due to the lack of sufficient information about the interactive effects of high intensity intermittent training (HIIT) and blood flow restricted (BFR) exercises on angiogenic variables of skeletal muscle, it seems that integration these training models can influence skeletal muscle angiogenesis in the long term over the individual application of each of these training methods.
Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of HIIT and BFR on protein expressions (VEGF and eNOS) in vastus lateralis of male runners.
Methods. For this purpose, 15 runners (age: 23±3) voluntarily participating in this study were divided into three groups: 1) Control 2) HIIT and 3) HIIT+BFR. The experimental groups were practicing (three sessions a week and six attempts each session for eight weeks). Before and at the end of eight weeks, the biopsy samples were collected from vastus lateralis muscle and the protein expression levels of the VEGF and eNOS were studied by immunohistochemical method.
Results. The findings of this study showed that the levels of the VEGF and eNOS were significantly increased in the experimental groups compared to the control group (p<0.001). There was also a significant difference between experimental groups in the VEGF protein expressions (p<0.05).
Conclusion. The HIIT and BFR training can effectively increase the protein expression levels of the VEGF and eNOS in vastus lateralis muscle of runners.
Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of HIIT and BFR on protein expressions (VEGF and eNOS) in vastus lateralis of male runners.
Methods. For this purpose, 15 runners (age: 23±3) voluntarily participating in this study were divided into three groups: 1) Control 2) HIIT and 3) HIIT+BFR. The experimental groups were practicing (three sessions a week and six attempts each session for eight weeks). Before and at the end of eight weeks, the biopsy samples were collected from vastus lateralis muscle and the protein expression levels of the VEGF and eNOS were studied by immunohistochemical method.
Results. The findings of this study showed that the levels of the VEGF and eNOS were significantly increased in the experimental groups compared to the control group (p<0.001). There was also a significant difference between experimental groups in the VEGF protein expressions (p<0.05).
Conclusion. The HIIT and BFR training can effectively increase the protein expression levels of the VEGF and eNOS in vastus lateralis muscle of runners.
Full-Text [PDF 380 kb]
(880 Downloads)
APPLICABLE REMARKS
APPLICABLE REMARKS
- The training methods used in this article by increase in muscle protein (VEGF and eNOS) expressions, lead to optimal muscle adaptations that can affect athletes' adaptability to High Intensity Intermittent Training (HIIT) and HIIT+ Blood Flow Restricted (BFR).
Type of Study: Original Article |
Subject:
Sport Physiology and its related branches
Received: 2019/12/31 | Accepted: 2020/03/31
Received: 2019/12/31 | Accepted: 2020/03/31
References
1. Garcia-Pinillos F, Soto-Hermoso V M, and Latorre-Roman P A. How does high intensity intermittent training affect recreational runners? Acute and chronic adaptations: a systematic review. J Sport Hea Sci. 2017: 6, 54-67. [DOI:10.1016/j.jshs.2016.08.010] [PMID] [PMCID]
2. Ferguson RA, Hunt JEA, Lewis MP, Martin NRW, Player DJ, Stangier C, et al. The acute angiogenic signalling response to low-load resistance exercise with blood flow restriction. Eur J Sport Sci. 2018: 18, 397-406. [DOI:10.1080/17461391.2017.1422281] [PMID]
3. Michell EA, Martin NRW, Turner MC, Taylor CW, Ferguson RA. The combined effect of sprint interval training and post-exercise blood flow restriction on critical power, capillary growth, and mitochondrial proteins in trained. J Appl Physiol. 2018: 126, 51-59. [DOI:10.1152/japplphysiol.01082.2017] [PMID]
4. Macinnis MJ, Gibala MJ. Physiological adaptations to interval training and the role of exercise intensity. J Physiol. 2017: 595, 2915-2930. [DOI:10.1113/JP273196] [PMID] [PMCID]
5. Spranger MD, Krishnan AC, Levy PD, O Leary DS, and Smith SA. Blood flow restriction training and the exercise pressor reflex: a call concern. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2015: 309(9), 1440-1452. [DOI:10.1152/ajpheart.00208.2015] [PMID] [PMCID]
6. Olfert IM, Baum O, Hellsten Y, and Egginton S. Advances and challenges in skeletal muscle angiogenesis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2016: 310, 326-336. [DOI:10.1152/ajpheart.00635.2015] [PMID] [PMCID]
7. Egginton S. Physiological factors influencing capillary growth. Acta Physiol. 2011: 202, 225-239. [DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2010.02194.x] [PMID]
8. Hoier B, Prats C, Qvortrup K, Pilegaard H, Bangsbo J and Hellsten Y. Subcellular localization and mechanism of secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor in human skeletal muscle. FASEB J. 2013a: 27, 3496-3504. [DOI:10.1096/fj.12-224618] [PMID]
9. Hoier B, Passos M, Bangsbo J and Hellsten Y. Intense intermittent exercise provides weak stimulus for vascular endothelial growth factor secretion and capillary growth in skeletal muscle. Exp Physiol. 2013b: 98, 585-597. [DOI:10.1113/expphysiol.2012.067967] [PMID]
10. Taylor C W, Ingham S A, Hunt J E A, Martin N R W, Pringle J S M, and Ferguson, R. A. Exercise duration matched interval and continuous sprint cycling induce similar increases in AMPK phosphorylation, PGC-1α and VEGFmRNA expression in trained individuals. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2016a: 116, 1445-1454. [DOI:10.1007/s00421-016-3402-2] [PMID] [PMCID]
11. Hiscock N, Fischer CP, Pilegaard H and Pedersen BK. Vascular endothelial growth factor 157 mRNA expression and arteriovenous balance in response to prolonged, submaximal exercise in humans. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2003: 285, H1759-H1763. [DOI:10.1152/ajpheart.00150.2003] [PMID]
12. Jensen L, Pilegaard H, Neufer PD and Hellsten Y. Effect of acute exercise and exercise training on VEGF splice variants in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2004a: 287, R397-402. [DOI:10.1152/ajpregu.00071.2004] [PMID]
13. Hoier B, Nordsborg N, Andersen S, Jensen L, Nybo L, Bangsbo J, et al. Proand anti-angiogenic factors in human skeletal muscle in response to acute exercise and training. J Physiol. 2012: 590, 595-606. [DOI:10.1113/jphysiol.2011.216135] [PMID] [PMCID]
14. Gavin TP, Robinson CB, Yeager RC, England JA, Nifong LW and Hickner RC. Angiogenic growth factor response to acute systemic exercise in human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol. 2004: 96, 19-24. [DOI:10.1152/japplphysiol.00748.2003] [PMID]
15. Rullman E, Rundqvist H, Wagsater D, Fischer H, Eriksson P, Sundberg CJ, et al. A single bout of exercise activates matrix metalloproteinase in human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol. 2007: 102, 2346-2351. [DOI:10.1152/japplphysiol.00822.2006] [PMID]
16. Ryan NA, Zwetsloot KA, Westerkamp LM, Hickner RC, Pofahl WE and Gavin TP. Lower skeletal muscle capillarization and VEGF expression in aged vs. young men. J Appl Physiol. 2006: 100, 178-185. [DOI:10.1152/japplphysiol.00827.2005] [PMID]
17. Gliemann L, Gunnarsson T P, Hellsten Y, and Bangsbo J. 10-20-30 training increases performance and lowers blood pressure and VEGF in runners. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2015: 25, 479-489. [DOI:10.1111/sms.12356] [PMID]
18. Gustafsson T, Knutsson A, Puntschart A, Kaijser L, Nordqvist SAC, Sundberg C, et al. Increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in human skeletal muscle in response to short-term one-legged exercise training. Pflugers Arch Eur J Physiol. 2002: 444, 752-759. [DOI:10.1007/s00424-002-0845-6] [PMID]
19. Paiva FM, Vianna LC, Fernandes IA, Nobrega AC and Lima RM. Effects of disturbed blood flow during exercise on endothelial function: a time course analysis. Brazilian J Med Biol Res. 2016: 49, e5100. [DOI:10.1590/1414-431X20155100]
20. Karabulut M, McCarron J, Abe T, Sato Y and Bemben M. The effects of different initial restrictive pressures used to reduce blood flow and thigh composition on tissue oxygenation of the quadriceps. J Sports Sci. 2011: 29, 951-958. [DOI:10.1080/02640414.2011.572992] [PMID]
21. Takarada Y, Sato Y and Ishii N. Effects of resistance exercise combined with vascular occlusion on muscle function in athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2002: 86, 308-314. [DOI:10.1007/s00421-001-0561-5] [PMID]
22. Christiansen D, Murphy RM, Bangsbo J, Stathis CG and Bishop DJ. Increased FXYD1 and PGC-1α mRNA after blood flow-restricted running is related to fibre type-specific AMPK signalling and oxidative stress in human muscle. Acta Physiol. 2018: 223, e13045. [DOI:10.1111/apha.13045] [PMID] [PMCID]
23. Taylor C W, Ingham S A, and Ferguson R A. Acute and chronic effect of sprint interval training combined with postexercise blood flow restriction in trained individuals. Ex Physiol. 2016b: 101(1), 143-154. [DOI:10.1113/EP085293] [PMID]
24. Conceicao M S, Traina chacon-Mikahil M P, Telles G D, Libardi C A, Mendes Junior E M, Vechin F C, et al. Attenuated PGC-1 alpha isoforms following endurance with blood flow restriction. Med Sci Spo Ex. 2016: 48(9), 1699-1707. [DOI:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000970] [PMID]
25. Jensen L, Bangsbo J and Hellsten Y. Effect of high intensity training on capillarization and presence of angiogenic factors in human skeletal muscle. J Physiol. 2004b: 557, 571-582. [DOI:10.1113/jphysiol.2003.057711] [PMID] [PMCID]
26. Chinsomboon J, Ruas J, Gupta RK, Thom R, Shoag J, Rowe GC, et al. The transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α mediates exercise-induced angiogenesis in skeletal muscle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009: 106, 21401-21406. [DOI:10.1073/pnas.0909131106] [PMID] [PMCID]
27. Hudlicka O, Brown M, and Egginton S. Angiogenesis in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Physiol Rev. 1992: 72, 369-417. [DOI:10.1152/physrev.1992.72.2.369] [PMID]
28. Hudlicka O, Brown M D. Adaptation of Skeletal Muscle Microvasculature to Increased or Decreased Blood Flow Role of Shear Stress Nitric Oxide and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. J Vasc Res. 2009: 46, 504-512. [DOI:10.1159/000226127] [PMID]
29. Higashi Y, Yoshizumi M. Exercise and endothelial function Role of endothelium derived nitric oxide and oxidative stress in healthy subjects and hypertensive patients. Pharmacol Therapeutics. 2004: 102, 87- 96. [DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.02.003] [PMID]
30. Cocks M, Shaw CS, Shepherd SO, Fisher JP, Ranasinghe AM, Barker T, et al. Sprint interval and endurance training are equqlly effective in increasing muscle microvascular density and eNOS content in sedentary males. J Physiol. 2013: 591(3), 641-656. [DOI:10.1113/jphysiol.2012.239566] [PMID] [PMCID]
31. Gundermann DM, Fry CS, Dickinson JM, Walker DK, Timmerman KL, Drummond MJ, et al. Reactive hyperemia is not responsible for stimulating muscle protein synthesis following blood flow restriction exercise. J Appl Physiol. 2012: 112, 1520-1528. [DOI:10.1152/japplphysiol.01267.2011] [PMID] [PMCID]
32. Gliemann L. Training for skeletal muscle capillarization: a Janus‑faced role of exercise intensity? Eur J Appl Physiol. 2016: 116, 1443-1444. [DOI:10.1007/s00421-016-3419-6] [PMID]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
