Annals of Applied Sport Science

• Bariatric surgery shows a greater influence on anthropometrics than the multi-component exercise program in adults living with obesity.
• A multi-component exercise program shows greater improvements in muscular fitness among individuals with obesity.
• Clinicians and practitioners should promote multi-component exercise programs to their patients with obesity to achieve not only weight loss goals but also physical performance.

• It is suggested that doctors prescribe exercise training for their obese patients and thereby prevent cardiovascular diseases in them.
• It is suggested that trainers should use more combined exercises for obese and overweight people and thus prevent cardiovascular disorders in them.

• For athletes primarily engaged in countermovement actions at ground level, if the goal is to improve JH, the focus should be more on strength training, followed by SSC capacity.
• If the priority is enhancing movement speed, SSC capacity should be prioritized first, followed by explosiveness.

• These findings are essential in supporting the development and dissemination of new training methods that can contribute to sports performance by integrating PNF stretching exercises into athlete training.
• PNF exercises should be included in training programs to improve the overall performance of athletes. Alternative balance training methods should be used in addition to PNF exercises to improve balance.
• PNF exercises should be integrated into training programs to improve motor skills, especially in young athletes. PNF exercises should be practiced regularly to improve flexibility and muscle strength in athletes.

• A supportive sporting environment should be established for overweight and obese children and adolescents, with the provision of suitable facilities and resources to promote their engagement in physical activity.
• Design customized exercise programs that address the characteristics and needs of overweight and obese children and adolescents to increase their commitment to sport and promote sustained exercise behavior.
• Develop comprehensive interventions to promote physical activity levels in overweight and obese children and adolescents, considering the relationship between the physical environment, commitment to sport, and exercise behaviors.

• There is a projected weak trend in the publication of LBP prevention.
• The assisted devices in LBP prevention will be a dominant topic in the publication of LBP prevention.

• The study emphasizes the importance of tailored physical training programs for improving the fitness levels of students, especially those involved in competitive sports such as swimming.
• The findings highlight the relationship between kinetic parameters and overall fitness, suggesting that specific training regimens can significantly enhance performance in butterfly swimming.

• Intervention programs or plans for the population with DM should not only focus on glycemic control but also consider associated pathologies and their impacts on quality of life and mental health.

• It is suggestible that students use the slow, deep breathing exercise technique to reduce stress levels in connection with the high academic load.
• Reducing stress that occurs in medical students affects blood pressure stability positively.

• The present study has confirmed that the use of exercise apps by college students can alleviate mental health problems, and these findings help to deal with mental health issues of people during the period of acute infectious diseases.

• More studies on muscle activation or patterns among compound archers can provide evidence and impact to improve athletes' shooting performance.
• There is still a lack of research on compound compared to recurve archers. Hence, more studies are needed to provide data and guidance to athletes, coaches, and various parties in designing their training programs.